Null Hypothesis and Yellow Pages

at that place are many reliable sources that are quickly available for re seeming topics, whether it is for face-to-face or professional use. Two of these sources are shaftn as the net profit and the color Pages. Based upon the discharge performed, to determine if the chickenhearted Pages impart effect obsolete in the near future, the following information was found base on the hypothesis and test results that have been recorded in the passage. on that point are many deal who would prefer the use of the net income to the Yellow Pages because of the convenience and not having to flip through pages to find what you are look for.The Yellow Pages have become a thing of the past and is chop-chop being replaced by new research methods individuals can access via the Internet. In the past twenty years the Internet has continued to grow into what we know today. In 1993 the prototypal primitive search engine was released (Seymour, Frantsvog, & Kumar, 2011). Google became the p rominent search engine around 2000 by using an algorithm to rank weathervane pages the desirable pages would be linked to a greater extent than others based on vastness (Seymour, Frantsvog, & Kumar, 2011).With the growth of the Internet and the rise of technology, thither has been an increase in the tot up of bank linees that use the Internet for marketing (Salehi, Mirzaei, Aghaei, &Abyari, 2012). Businesses use the Internet to increase their business and people have easy access to the Internet, which makes it convenient for shoppers online (Salehi, et al, 2012). Our team treasured to determine if the Yellow Pages or printed phone restrain was becoming obsolete.We trust that with the advancements of the Internet and with the increase of people having smart phones, which have the internet readily available at your fingertips, the phone book is no longer need and will become an archaic form of obtaining business listings or shopping. To test and evaluate our research issue, we utilize the five steps of hypothesis testing. In the first step we hypothesized that the Yellow Pages will become obsolete in the near future with the advances of technology such as the Internet. Our team explicate a null hypothesis, which states theYellow Pages will be proven as a viable research method. The second step was introduced to determine the characteristics of our comparison distri saveion. We polled 84 people, asking each person two questions. The first question was, When looking for for a business listing, do you look to the Internet/search engines or the Yellow Pages (hard copy)? and the second question was, If you are going to make a purchase, do you look in the phone book, Internet, or both? Of the individuals polled, 68 were women and 16 were men.There were two individuals who fell into the under 20 category, trine in the 21 to 30 group, 17 in the 31 to 40 range, 18 in the 41 to 50 crowd, 38 in the 51 to 60 even off, and 6 representatives of the 60 and over. Our results grounded for the first question there were 14 individuals who answered they employ the Yellow Pages and 74 who preferred to use the Internet. The second question moreover yielded five people who answered Yellow Pages while 83 indicated they used the Internet. We set a cutoff point of 50% or . 5 hypothesized office difference of usage among all age groups.This cutoff point was used both as a first method of searching for a business as well as usage in general. The think of for Question 1 was determined to be 3 and for Question 2 the mean was determined to be 13. The Z score for the combined questions was -3. 71. The Z score for the first tail or Question 1 was 1. 64 and the Z score for the second tail or Question 2 was 1. 96. From our research and the data collected, we found that the null hypothesis was rejected. The statistics clearly show that there is over the 50% or . 5 hypothesized means difference. The rift in the Z scores shows a 5. 35 difference for the fir st question and 5.37 for the second question. Through our research and statistics, we found the results to be setback of our null hypothesis which is the basis for the rejection. With the rise of local search sites, kindly media, and mobile directories, the physical Yellow Pages books delivered to consumers doors long a staple of local marketing are quickly becoming obsolete. According to data from the local anesthetic Search Association, total consumer references to print directories declined from 12 billion in 2009 to 7. 4 billion in 2011, and have most analogously declined even more since (Jones, 2013, para. 2).There might be some interesting news for local businesses that unchanging use marketing strategies through the Yellow Pages. The Yellow Pages is now go advice in areas such as SEO, online advertising, paid search, and the effects of an online reputation in the social media. Recent findings show that on average, consumers consult two to three sources of information when intending on making a purchase. These sources include the Yellow Pages, but mostly through search engines. The physically printed Yellow Page book may become a part of history, but it will be a while before it is completely obsolete.Today, Yellow Pages and search engines subdue the local search space among all media. Last year, 84% of people used a Yellow Pages product and 76% used a search engine to find a local business (Norton, 2011). With that said, there are some things to consider when utilizing the Yellow Pages to drive your business, like reviewing your competitors ads, including a dedicated phone number, immediately creating a working system to breed business leads, and including offers exclusively for ad respondents. The data and statistics we collected lead us to the results that the Yellow Pages will soon be outdated.While modern media like the Internet is on the rise, traditional print media will be pushed off the market. The Yellow Pages have found a way to use this change in marketing as an advantage. They now use new modern media to advertise their product as the Yellow Pages online. The Yellow Pages are a clear and a brand that people trust, so the concept will neer actually be outdated. While the Internet pushes traditional media out of business, like books, newspapers and other print media, those branches have found to be resourceful and will therefore always find a way to survive in todays ever-changing market.

Culture of Australia Essay

The question of one-on-oneism is always a herculean unmatched for those living in a polish or group, til now belonging to an other(a). This difficulty frequently remains in the mind of most(prenominal) immigrants, especially the second generations who were born in a country other than their p bents. Younger generations feel as if they are labored to change to pass away the social standards despite previous culture or group. Furthermore those who handle to adopt a new individuation of a group or culture havent yet been fully accepted by original members due to their former identity. Living with a different culture to our roots can lead to changes in our lives.Migrating to Australia has affected a mound of authors from Alice Pungs vignettes of Growing up Asian in Australia. Michelle Law displays her excommunication from the Australian culture by preparing exotic lunches with her mother, as well as her hairless Chinese body compared to the school girls. Being seen as a dist inct outsider to the Australian culture can influence one to change their way of life to fit in and form friendships. Sunil an Indian schoolboy was faced with the choice of constantly being bullied over his differences or adapting to the community by altering his name to Neil.Changing for others an lose your place in your original identity and culture. After visiting Hong Kong, Michelle momentarily feels identical to her environment with her Chinese ethnicity. After mispronouncing words when ordering at a Cantonese Mc Donalds, Michelle comes to realise that she feels just as excluded in Hong Kong as she did in Australia. This smell out of displacement caused by multiple cultures can question Michelles judgement, Am I more Asian or more Australian? The none of not fitting in can lead us to changes in our life to fit social standards despite our previous culture or way of life.Alice Pung addresses the idea of multiculturalism in her novel Unpolished Gem. devil of the themes in this novel where she portrays her culture are through soulal identity and the impact of the noncurrent. A major influence on Alices identity was when she was a young child and her grandmother would tell her stories about pointts that occurred in Cambodia. In Alices teen era years, her beloved grandmother has a stroke, develop disabilities and eventually had passed away. It is around this time where serious psychological problems occur for Alice.This around forces her into a mental state in which she knows she does not fit in with the Australian culture. She believed she had to do every intimacy she could to change that otherwise Alice knew she would break d cause mentally. Alice was forced to attempt to fit the social standards of Australia. The actions of adopting a new identity by putting yourself into a different group can lead to not only the new group not fully accepting you just also your original group will see you as a totally different person.At the age of 13 I play b asket musket ball for the under 14s side. We were all very close and had formed colossal friendships throughout the season. The following season I was asked to play above my age group. Without thinking twice I accepted what I thought was a great opportunity. A few days pasted and it was the day of my set-back learning session with the older group. Throughout the 2 hours of training I did not enjoy myself at all. No one would pass me the ball and it was as if they didnt want me there.To be honest I didnt want to be there neither. I decided to return to my own age group and play with my old friend. At the next training session with my original team I realized the same thing was happening, no one would pass me the ball or even accredit that I was on the court. It turns out I had changed as a person and undercoat myself caught between the two teams. The moral of that experience was by assay to fit in with a new group I found that I had lost my original identity and forgot where I belong.There are a variety of scenarios that result in us trying to change. Whether it is a result of a different culture or even past experiences. People also feel as if they are forced upon change, and even if you find yourself with a new identity or culture, you may not be fully accepted by original members of that group or culture. The power of a group however is often the cause of losing our individual identity. In conclusion the question remains of whether Change of an identity is unspoiled or wrong?

Punctuality in the Military Essay

Punctuality in a military environment is crucial as it enables tasks to be completed, and allows tone downers to pick come on accoun oral contraceptiveility, PCCs and PCIs for particular operations. Also, depending on the severity or how often a spend conducts the offense, existence youthful shag lead to UCMJ action. This essay will provide in some detail the benefits of be punctual as well as note possible consequences. On a small scale, being punctual for formations and general points of duty allows leading to ensure accountability for their soldiers, address notes and tasks for the day, and promotes organization at freighter the social unit. In a larger picture, everyones responsibilities for the day argon dependent on the wide unit to be where they involve to be at the appropriate duration. For example, in the event of a company going to the range the fit has to be available to open the arms room to issue the weapons as leaders need ample clipping to take account ability of their soldiers and to thoroughly conduct pre-combat checks and pre-combat inspections.Support units are obligated to arrive on epoch cod to their responsibility to provide ammunition and transportation. Something as simple as the armor being late can cause a domino mortalnel for the entire mission. Repeated tardiness can cause a lot of issues for the unit plainly it more than likely can weightyly impact the soldier making the offense. Leaders may choose to annotate events of tardiness in the profit members counseling packet. If the soldier has received enough counselings, or if a single event is severe, then the leader can push for administrative action such as filing for an denomination 15. A soldier who is late can be charged with violation to multiple vindicatory articles prescribed in the UCMJ Article. 86. Absence without leaveAny member of the fortify forces who, without authority (1) fails to go to his appointed place of duty at the time prescribed (2) goe s from that place or (3) absents himself or remains absent from his unit, organization, or place of duty at which he is required to be at the time prescribed shall be punished as a try may direct.Article 87. Missing carry onmentAny person face to this chapter who through neglect or design misses the movement of a ship, aircraft, or unit with which he is required in thecourse of duty to move shall be punished as a court-martial may direct. Article 92. Failure to obey enact or regulationAny person subject to this chapter who (1) violates or fails to obey any lawful general sight or regulation (2) having knowledge of any other lawful recount issued by a member of the armed forces, which it is his duty to obey, fails to obey the order or (3) is derelict in the performance of his duties shall be punished as a court-martial may direct. Granted, some situations arent as severe as other but being late is something that can go a reoccurring issue should it be left to become a habit. A habit like that can lead a soldier to being late for something that is truly serious, like missing movement for deployment or real-world mission. In a situation like that, lateness is a serious offense and can the leave the soldier with heavy consequences. Being late, should it become a chronic problem, can also severely impact a soldiers professed(prenominal) development.Not only by having adverse effects within his development in the unit but when it comes to being looked at for schools or professional progression. A good leader is not going to urge on a soldier for Warrior Leaders Course or any tab school if he cant trust the soldier to be on time. At WLC here on Fort Carson, if you are inexcusably late once then you are not eligible for air force officers List even if you lose the highest GPA in the academy. If you are late a second time then you can be removed from the academy, if not removed then you can be compose a marginal 1059 and with that any soldier looking to th e Army as a career will contain a difficult, if not impossible, time getting promoted. In a situation like that, it becomes a drawn effort for the academy, or any other NCOES school, a waste and amazement for the unit and the leader that recommended the soldier in the first place.That is time and silver being spent on a soldier that may stupefy been seen as having potential to being a great leader but because something as simple as being on time do him in the position to be kicked out then he is stuck both having to redo the course, granted if he gets another opportunity depending on his leaders or the unit. From what I have learned from talking to a sr. soldier, there was a point where if a soldier got kicked out of a NCOES school for being late then he is put onto the bottom of the waiting list and most dont get a second chance at the course. I personally may notbe staying in the Army but I still have months before I am out the door. I still need to abide by the Army stand ard so that I do not either develop bad habits that can hinder my professional development in the civilian sector nor cause myself to be in trouble as I work towards beginning my transition out of the service.There are ways I can help myself to continuously be on time, for instance, I can make sure that my discouragement is set and is loud enough so I dont sleep through it. I can set myself enough time in the morning so I dont have to rush out the door and I have enough of a buffer in the event traffic at the gate decides its going to be extra bad one particular morning. If, by all means, I have done everything to prevent myself from being late and the situation still puts me in the position, I am to notify my leadership well before my appointed time.

Congested Heart Failure Case Study Essay

History Martha Wilmington, a 74-year-old woman with a history of rheumatic fever while in her twenties, presented to her physician with complaints of increasing shortness of breath (dyspnea) upon exertion. She also noted that the ordinary swelling shes had in her ankles for years has started to get worse all over the past two months, making it especially difficult to get her raiment on toward the end of the day. In the past week, shes had a rock-bottom appetite, some nausea and vomiting, and tenderness in the remediate focal ratio quadrant of the abdomen.On natural examination, Marthas jugular veins were noticeably distended. Auscultation of the soft centerfieldedness revealed a low-pitched, rumbling systolic murmur, heard best over the left upper sternal border. In addition, she had an trim, S3 fondness sound.Using the internet, do any relevant searches to give a reasonable scientific explanation to the questions below. Understanding ikon 20-13 in your textbook also m ay add some cleverness to these questions.You may sense the following links useful to aid you respond these questionsCongested Heart calamity PaperABC of Heart FailureWhat is causing this murmur? Perhaps there has been tapering off of Marthas pneumonic semilunar valve which is located between the right heart heart ventricle and the pulmonary artery. The apogee of this valve is heard best over the left upper sternal border. As stated supra, this is where auscultation of the heart revealing a low-pitched, rumbling systolic murmur. A murmuring sound is heard due to the utmost defense to origination being pumped through.2) What is causing her S3 heart sound? An S3 sound is an extra sound indicating abnormal course pressure within the heart, namely against the ventricle walls during diastole (relaxation). Blood seems to be flowing too rapidly into the ventricles during diastole. She may gift ventricular walls that have become hardened and thus not restful as needed in order to fill with ease. As the tune quickly flows in, it provide hit the hardened walls, creating an extra sound. In congestive heart ill, preload and contractility are major factors in the improper functioning of the heart as a pump.3) Is her history of rheumatic fever relevant to her flow symptoms? let off. Rheumatic fever caused by Group A Streptococcus bacterium may cause damage to heart tissues including valves. Overtime, congestive heart failure may have developed. However, the pulmonary semilunar valve seems to be the issue in this case study, whereas rheumatic fever normally affects left heart tissue. 4) A chest X-ray reveals a cardiac silhouette that is normal in diameter. Does this rule out a possible problem with Marthas heart? Explain. No, a normal diameter of a cardiac silhouette does not rule out a problem with Marthas heart. The heart adapts and leave alone compensate for damage in order to still function optimally. The right ventricle, in this case, will become str onger in order to push the same(p) amount of personal line of credit (stroke leger) through the narrowed pulmonary semi-lunar valve. This thickening doesnt necessarily change the inner diameter.5) You examine Marthas abdomen and find that she has an enlarged liver (hepatomegaly) and a moderate degree of ascites (water in the peritoneal cavity). Explain these findings. The change magnitude resistance of blood flow through the pulmonary semilunar valve from the right ventricle backs up the pressure of blood flowing into the right atrium. This back flow pressure builds up in the body as systemic pressure, increasing hydrostatic pressure which increases liquid build-up (ascites) in the peritoneal cavity and liver, enlarging the liver.6) Examination of her ankles reveals significant pitting edema. Explain this finding. Fluid builds up in the interstitial space of her extremities (i.e. ankles) due to the changes in the hydrostatic pressure caused by the back-flow pressure originating in the heart.7) She is advised to have a bun in the oven support stockings. why would this help her? Support stockings could be used. I worked at a Med-Spa and the doctor would advise his patients to wear compression hoses after optical maser vein treatments if there were no other individual contraindications of use. Compression hoses counter fluid from accumulating in surrounding tissues and interstitial spaces by directing plain fluid into other blood vessels and the lymphatic system.8) Which term more accurately describes the stress placed upon Marthas heart increase pre-load or increased afterload? Increased after-load describes the stress placed upon Marthas heart. Afterload is the pressure that the heart pumps blood against. There is increased pressure associated from left ventricular damage and narrowing of the semi-lunar valve in Marthas diseased state, leading to the resistance of blood flow.9) What is the cosmopolitan term describing Marthas condition? Right-sided co ngestive heart failure is the habitual term for Marthas condition.10) How might Marthas body compensate for the above condition? Marthas sympathetic nervous system will start to predominate, causing constriction of blood vessels so that important organs will regain necessary delivery of blood. Also, heart rate and stroke volume affect cardiac output. In Marthas case, cardiac output is affected due to a decrease in stroke volume. Higher resistance to blood flow decreases the amount of blood pumped by her ventricles, so the heart compensates in order to function optimally. Increased contractibility or the increased rate at which her heart pumps is indicative of this compensation.11) Martha is started on a medicinal drug called digoxin. Why was she given this medication, and how does it work? Digitoxin (digitalis) increases the strength and length ventricular densification which slows heart rate by cut down sympathetic activity. Her right ventricle will then pump more efficiently .12) 12. Two weeks after starting line digoxin, Martha returns to the physicians office for a follow-up visit. On physical examination, she still has significant hepatomegaly and pitting edema, and is significantly hypertensive (i.e. she has high blood pressure). Her physician prescribes a diuretic called furosemide (or Lasix). Why was she given this medication, and how does it work? Digitoxin is commonly given in conjunction with a diuretic. The use of a diuretic manages edema, a symptom of congestive heart failure. Increased urination will rid her body of excess ions, reducing the amount of fluid in the interstitial spaces.

How does Human Activities have an Effect on Climate Change?

Humans are al just about entirely the cause of modality change, according to a scientist who once doubted that globular heating system even existed. As umteen scientists and physicists across the world believe that pitying activities contribute to mood change by causing changes in human beingss ambience in the touchstones of greenhouse gases, aerosols (small particles), and cloudiness. A recent base of the Interg everywherenmental Panel on modality Change states that the largest known contribution comes from the longing of fossil fuels, which releases blow dioxide gas to the atmosphere.Greenhouse gases and aerosols affect climate by altering incoming solar radiation sickness and outgoing infrared (thermal) radiation that are part of Earths energy balance. Further much, ever-changing the atmospheric abundance or properties of these gases and particles suffer lead to a warming or cooling of the climate system. Since the start of the industrial era ( somewhat 1750), the all overall pitch of human activities on climate has been a warming influence.The human involve on climate during this era greatly exceeds that due to known changes in inborn processes, such(prenominal) as solar changes and volcanic eruption. As a result it is clear why climate change has such a big impact on our planet and what it has in store for our future(a) as well. It is caused by many reasons as stated above, with supporting attest it no doubt that climate change is becoming serious as time passes.Most climate scientists agree the main cause of the modern global warming trend is human expansion of the greenhouse effect. veritable gases in the atmosphere block heat from escaping. Long-lived gases, remaining semi-permanently in the atmosphere, which do not respond physically or chemically to changes in temperature, are described as forcing climate change whereas gases, such as water, which respond physically or chemically to changes in temperature are soak upn as feedba cks. galore(postnominal) of these gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons. The role of cosmos play a very important role in climate change, in its recently released a recent report called, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which states, a group of 1,300 independent scientific experts from countries all over the world under the auspices of the United Nations, concluded theres a more than 90 percent probability that human activities over the past 250 age have warmed our planet.Furthermore, it concludes that the industrial activities that our modern civilization depends upon have growing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels from 280 parts per million to 379 parts per million in the last 150 years. The panel also concluded theres a come apart than 90 percent probability that human-produced greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide have caused much of the observed increase in Earths temperatures over the past 50 years. They said the rate of increase in global warming due to these gases is very likely to be unprecedented at bottom the past 10,000 years or more.Scientists have blamed human activities such as causing a negative effect on the planets natural resources such as increasing amount of greenhouse gases releasing into the atmosphere, ruin more unnatural sources, and cutting down more forests. As a result, restricting the use of un needful resources and contributing to a cleaner process. Many reports state that when humans burn gasoline, coal, natural gas, and other common fuels to even up electricity or drive cars, they release a substantial amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.For every gallon (or liter) of gasoline your car burns, 1300 times that spate of CO2 is released (a gallon of gas weighs about 6 pounds or 2. 8 kilograms, but the released CO2 would weigh over 19 pounds or 8. 75 kilograms). Greenhouse gases are emitted from power plants and cars, but als o from landfills, from farms and cleared forests, and by means of other subtle processes. Many contributions and research have proven many of this facts one of them is the use of modeling with the aid of computers.To prove the case that climate change is mostly caused by humans, scientists had to take into account other factors confused atmospheric physics, the interactions between air and land and between air and water, changing amounts of ice and of desert and forest, and the natural processes that have changed the climate for 4. 54 million years. To do all this, scientists recreate the crime scene. Because theres unless one Earth, they do that with computers. Climate scientists use powerful computers to construct models establish on physics of the climate system.These models enable scientists to make predictions and test hypotheses about what processes affect the climate. These models are based on the fundamental of science, many of them complicate thermodynamic principles, orbital dynamics, and the balance of heat entering and leaving the atmosphere. Scientists can do experiments with these models that they cant do on the planet. They can determined the atmosphere to match conditions a century ago, and see whether the models predictions match what scientists measured at the time.And they can set the models to match conditions millions of years ago, to better understand how past climate changed. This allows them to verify that the models are faithful and to fine-tune the output. They can also remove the effects of human activities from the models, and see how much of the climate change they observe is still predicted by the models. As a result, there is very little time on what necessary steps must be taken in order to diminution the climate change and stabilize the amount of greenhouse gases omitted into the atmosphere.Certain gases in the atmosphere block heat from escaping therefore are resulting in an increase on the rate of global warming throu ghout the planet Climate scientists use powerful computers to construct models based on physics of the climate system. These models enable scientists to make predictions and test hypotheses about what processes affect the climate. Many substantial proved evidence point to only one reason, which is towards human activities, resulting in a negative effect throughout the Earths atmosphere causing many disasters, climate change, raise in sea levels, and most importantly a threat to the human race, and other life forms.

Hunger in America

****** Willingham M. Handran English 112 starve in America We live in a ground where a mammoth portionage of its inhabitants suffer from economic trouble and be left with no other option and to hustle and choose between plastered necessities over other fundamental ineluctably due to a drop of financial resources. M any(prenominal) of these pile ar constrained into having to choose between taking their life-saving medications or universe suitable to eat for that day, while others simply have no choice at all.These flock simply have no other choice on the nose now go hungry despite the copious amounts of feed produced in this nation. about of the primary featureors responsible for this heartbreaking predicament stem from a lack of consisdecadet public sensory faculty outside of the quick fix Band-Aid antenna during Thanksgiving and Christmas holiday food drives and other short-term feeding campaigns united with an in capable job market for both the unemployed a nd the underemployed which causes meagreness.Insufficient and scratchy charitable donations to assist those in need atomic number 18 also modify factors on with the physical and financial barriers which pr thus fart general access to food to a large state of nipperren, the elderly and the disabled. Another high compose reason for this wide spread problem is due to the direct family relationship between the affix in the exist of burn and how it affects the price of food. Hunger is an equal opportunity destructive force which gives no preference to sex, age, race, theology or educational background.Food insecurities in the United States alone affect an frightening percentage of citizens in the knowledge domains just about affluent nation, afflicting one thousand thousands of Americans on a daily basis. Hunger in America is neither widely acknowledged nor highly publicized due to the fact that the United States is the worlds wealthiest nation. In light of the facts as stated by our presidencys Department of Agriculture and in the minds of all hungry persons in this earth, America should be recognized as being the worlds most wasteful and irresponsible nation on earth.The United States disposes of billions of pounds of high-quality edible food e precise single year. Hunger in America is an conspicuous and inexplicable indictment against our society, and it has created an environment of extreme hardship and pitiable that is totally inexcusable in a land where smart should not even exist and where something much must be done to exempt hunger in our great nation. Our Citizens health and Sustenance We live in the worlds wealthiest and most plentiful country, yet close 15 percent of U. S. amilies, about 49 million Americans, including 16. 2 million children cope to acquire sustenance ( excoriation for the World). About 15 percent of the American population find themselves struggling at varying degrees from day to day in order to endure food for themselves and their families. Why, in the midst of plenty, be people forced to go without basic necessities? Tens of millions of Americans be forthwith affected by this silent plague known as the American hunger crisis which is directly proportional to the level of poverty existing in the United States.As a matter of fact, The nations official poverty rate in 2010 was 15. 1 percent, up from 14. 3 percent in 2009 (Income, Poverty and Health Insurance in the United States 2010). These proximate percentages between hunger and poverty blatantly illustrate the relationship between the two. Without poverty, hunger doesnt exist. In the discussion of poverty and hunger, inevitabilities such as food, health occupy, basic and adequate shelter, utilities and imparting expenses are severely limited and some of these necessities are either caterpillar track back drastically, or they are simply inaccessible.One might have adequate money to feed their family, but not have the abil ity to establish for their childrens health expenses or clothing. The modus operandi of people without health restitution coverage rose from 49. 0 million in 2009 to 49. 9 million in 2010 (Income, Poverty and Health Insurance in the United States 2010). The massive number of people without health insurance is simply another statistic where the figures are obviously too much of a similarity to be confirm as mere coincidence.Without their health, how can any American citizen be anticipate to obtain, much less maintain an adequate paying job and stretch forth to be able to brook sustenance for themselves and their families? Regarding jobs, for a significant number of Americans, the U. S. labor market is not very efficient and doesnt spend a penny as a reliable way to create a perk up career to bring home the bacon for their families (Bread for the World). The job market in the United States has go on to remain stagnant with an unemployment rate that has surpassed eight perc ent since February 2009, and it has been projected that the very same percentage is oing to exist in our country until 2014 (Understanding and Responding to Persistently higher(prenominal) Unemployment). When the unemployment rate is coupled with the rate of underemployment, those who are employed that temporary but possessing the skills necessary for regular employment, the percentage of food insecure individuals more than doubled. People that are having a hard time finding full-time work, and those who are willing and able to work, but who have been discouraged from inquisitive so long has risen to 17. percent in the month of family 2010 (Record Underemployment Devastates American Workers). Far too some another(prenominal) people are in desperate need of both food and full-time employment. Hunger in America Hidden in Plain Sight Not only is it extremely disconcerting and an indictment against the government at both the federal official official and state levels, but its also a direct observation of American society in general that the issue of hunger in America has not been given the recognition or public awareness that is warranted for such a national and catastrophic epidemic.While there are organizations and individuals that lodge to bring this concern into the light of the public eye, it is still neither adequate nor consistent enough to bring a broad awareness to our authorized hunger plight in this country. Members of Bread for the World continue to compose letters to members of Congress to emphasize the severity of this situation hoping that those with the political indicator and clout will actually do something (Bread for the World). Many American children are at risk because they have not been recognized as being the victims of this national disaster which is American hunger (Lichter et al, 97).While there is promising password on the war against hunger, there are many more battles to be won. The House of Representatives recently pass ed the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act which was signed into law on declination 13, 2010 by chairman Barrack Obama (Advocacy). This legislation authorized the funding and invest the policy for the United States Department of Agricultures primary child nutrition programs (Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act). This is definitely a step in the right forethought but much more must be done.For example, becoming an embolden for individuals suffering from food insecurity is particular to fighting hunger because it offers many ways to become active not only in cardinal public policy issues of the day, but also within our communities (Advocacy). More focussed and stringent efforts from the public and private sectors are necessary to keep this critical issue in the arena of public awareness since a large majority of the American population is completely unaware of the reality that almost 50 million of their neighbors, friends, family and coworkers suffer daily from this silent epidemic.Single M others and Others Among the several millions of people that do suffer from food insecurity in America, there are certain groups of people from distressed backgrounds that tend to deal with much more pressure than others when it comes to hunger and poverty. Fathers all over our nation are deserting their partners and children. In merely three decades, the percent of children living without their fathers increased from 17 percent to 36 percent, more than doubling the number ( Popenoe, 33). As disturbing as it may seem, the percentage that exists today continues to grow.Young developing children and their struggling mothers that strive to run short the difficulties of life without a father in the home or with an estrange father who doesnt pay child support has resulted in enormous numbers of women and children to be left in great need of financial aid. In fact, single mother families are the group of citizens that are most at risk. Their numbers are rapidly growing, and they are bec oming the worthlessest particle of the population in the country (Dodson, 109). Many of the worst tragedies in situations worry these are the children that go to bed without enough to eat at night.Millions of children are left to sit in hunger and are helpless because their guardians cannot provide an adequate amount of food for their nourishment. In fact, one in louvre children or 20 percent suffered from hunger in the year 2000. That was ten million children. Even worse, three million of those children underwent an even more contribute wrenching hunger predicament where they had no other choice but to eat even less and were forced to skip meals due to a lack of food (Food First). A major contributing factor that has had a direct negative impact on these families is the seemingly ever increase cost of fuel or access to energy.Whenever the price of oil and attack increases, every aspect of our economy is affected. The worst of which is the increase in the cost of food. Beginni ng with the farmers who require fuel to operate their tractors and other farm equipment along with oil-based pesticides and other chemicals needed for large crop production, this is just the beginning (Heinberg ). As manufacturers require energy to produce food for public consumption, they must increase their costs of production to cover the extra energy expense.The large semi-trucks that carry through those food products have to pay more for fuel, and the grocery store is forced to increase their prices in order to remain in business (Gas Prices quit to Affect Food Prices). While single mother families are at the top of the food insecure pyramid, another group of individuals is suffering just as much. These people are our senior citizens and the disabled who must lead on fixed incomes, the majority of whom depend solely on the federal government through affable security payments they receive along with certain entitlement programs if they qualify (Sepulvado).Furthermore, the fa ct that the United States of America disposes of over 100 billion pounds of editable food annually is an ignominious slap in the face to the multitude of hungry American citizens (Hunger In America). Hunger in America remainder Alleviating hunger in America may be a disheartening and seemingly overwhelming task, but there is an untold and extremely underpublicized assurance among many public and private organizations and individuals that it is possible with persistence and dedication. The facts are clear. or so 50 million American citizens suffer from a lack of food.In our politically correct society, the phrase food insecure was adopted as a more palatable euphemism to avoid and hide the harsh reality that the wealthiest nation on earth is filled with millions of desperately hungry people, over 16 million of whom are children. Lack of consistent public awareness, inadequate government funding and insufficient charitable contributions, the unemployment and underemployment rate s and the increasing costs of fuel are all contributing factors that continue to feed the national abase of American hunger.There are ingeminates from famous individuals concerning hunger that seem fitting to let in and conclude this research. Most of our citizenry believes that hunger only affects people who are lazy or people who are just looking for a handout, people who dont want to work, but, sadly, that is not true. Over leash of our hungry people are innocent children who are members of households that simply cannot provide enough food or proper nutrition. And to think of the elderly suffering from malnutrition is just too hard for most of us. UnlikeThird World nations, in our country the problem is not having too little it is about not affectionateness enough Write your elected representatives and promote support for the hungry. -Erin Brokovich. Another quote from the most iconic civil rights leader in the United States give tongue to this Why should there be hunger an d deprivation in any land, in any city, at any table, when man has the resources and the scientific know-how to provide all mankind with the basic necessities of life? There is no shortfall in human resources. The deficit is in human will. -Martin Luther King, Jr.The 32nd President of the United States said this about hunger But while they mouth of economic laws, men and women are starving. We must lay hold of the fact that economic laws are not make by nature. They are made by human beings. -Franklin D. Roosevelt. This final quote comes from a woman who many would claim was the most selfless individual in our lifetime When a poor person dies of hunger, it has not happened because God did not take care of him or her. It has happened because neither you nor I wanted to give that person what he or she needed. -Mother Teresa. Hunger in America is an incomprehensible condemnation against our nation. This social injustice directly inflicts extreme hardship upon millions of Americans and causes unnecessary and completely avertable suffering simply because we as individuals and federal and state agencies are poor stewards of the food resources which we have in an abundant supply yet we by design dispose of billions of pounds of good edible food which is more than enough to alleviate hunger in the most prosperous and the most powerful country on earth.Works Cited Advocacy. Lutheran Social Services of North Dakota. Web. 11 Apr. 2012. . Bread for the World Have Faith. End Hunger. U. S. Hunger Homepage. Web. 17 Mar. 2012. . Dodson, Lisa. Chapter 5. Lost Fathers. By Cynthia R. . Daniels. New York St. Martins, 1998. Print. Food First. Ch. 1. Poverty Opposing Viewpoints. Hunger Is a monstrous Problem for Americas Poor San Diego, CA Greenhaven, 2004. 19-21. Print. Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act. Web. 18 Apr. 2012. . Heinberg, Richard. Article. Soaring Oil and Food Prices Threaten Affordable Food Supply. Web. 19 Apr. 2012. . Hunger In America. Hunger in America Diminis hed by Gardeners and AmpleHarvest. org. Web. 19 Apr. 2012. Income, Poverty and Health Insurance in the United States 2010. number Bureau Homepage. Web. 17 Mar. 2012. . Lichter, Daniel T. , Vincent J. Roscigno, and Dennis J. Condron. Chapter 7. Challenges for Rural America in the Twenty-first Century. Ed. David L. Brown, Louis E. Swanson, and Alan W. Barton. University honey oil Pennsylvania State UP, 2003. 97-98.Print. Popenoe, David. Chapter 2. Lost Fathers. By Cynthia R. . Daniels. New York St. Martins, 1998. Print. Record Underemployment Devastates American Workers. GOP. gov. Web. 27 Mar. 2012. . Sepulvado, John. Rising Food Prices Could Drive up Rates of Hunger. CNN. demarcation News Network, 16 Mar. 2011. Web. 19 Apr. 2012. . Understanding and Responding to Persistently High Unemployment. CBO. Web. 25 Mar. 2012. . Vivek, S. Chapter 8. Global Obligations for the Right to Food. By George Kent. Lanham, MD Rowman & Littlefield, 2008. Print.

Epifanio de los Santos Avenue

How shameful a Filipino would be, not k straight offing his estates testify history. The history that brought his parents and his own freedom. Who would flat forget the sacrifices that creator President Corazon Cory Cojuangco Aquino had given not only for her own good merely also for the improvement of the next Filipino generations.Corazon Aquino had been cognize because of her nonviolent conversion held at Epifanio de los Santos Avenue Quezon City, Metropolitan Manila , with the help of 2,000,000 Filipino citizens as well as several political, troops and religious figures, such as Cardinal Jaime Sin who had push their way for a democracy from the hold of an authoritarian President. This revolution had last for four days it is popularly cognize as EDSA Revolution or People Power and also named as Yellow Revolution because of the scattered yellow ribbons. This protest had been brought by the long time of corruption in Marcos government.This history had been shortened and sum marize for the leading of this body politic to realize the importance of the freedom that theyre enjoying now, not only for the leaders but also for the citizens of this nation. No iodin(a) wants to suffer the pain that separate countries have to suffer just for them to get there freedom. No one wants to be a slave or to be a prisoner that can be raped, tortured, and can all the same be killed, killed by the analogous color, the same nationality and by the same blood that runs through the veins of every Filipino. No one will never give up his or her own freedom just for money, for jewelry and not even for power.No one dont want to woolly it even the highest leader of this nation would not give it off. Remember the quote The Filipino is worth anxious(p) for? This quote is given Benigno Ninoy Aquino Jr. when he was interviewed about the death threats his receiving from the military and other pro-Marcos group including former First Lady now congressman of Ilocos Norte Imelda Marcos. August 21, 1983, after a three-year exile in the United States, he was shot at Manila International Airport now known as Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA). His assassination gave shock to many Filipinos, who lost confidence in the Marcos Administration.His assassination caused the economic problems of the country to deteriorate even further, and the government plunged further into debt. And by the end of the year, the country was bankrupt, and the economy promise by 6. 8%. The assassination of Benigno Aquino also gave Corazon Aquino the guts to continue what her save had started. Money is the root of all evil seems that its true. Even now in the present we hear news about the execution of witnesses and deaths of truthful citizens just to cover up the sins of a suspect or even a leader who wants to eliminate his opponents.

Hinduism, Buddhism, and the Human Condition Essay

Hinduism and Buddhism argon both eastern traditions with much to register about the homophile condition as well as the origin human beings exist at all. In some ways they argon different while also being similar in separate ways. In this essay, those differences willing be discussed and the similarities examined for their message. In conclusion, we will examine what these both religions offer to the human beings of the twenty-first century.According to Hinduism, at the most staple level, the purpose of life is to bring about matchlesss social concern and live the exemplary life of the householder by marrying, having children, providing for them and observing the rituals withdraw by the gods. Later, the Upanishads claimed that the purpose of life is to action unity with Brahman, the divine meaning of all life. humankinds were non to pursue worldly goods but admit a life of asceticism and seek reason. This view is similar to what Buddhists weigh the goal of life shou ld be and they also share an explanation of the human condition. Both Buddhism and Hinduism cite worldly attachment and ignorance of the true self as the causes of human suffering which occurs in unending cycles (samsara or the wheel of goal and rebirth) until we utmostly free ourselves from our own blindness. 3 Buddhism teaches that the reason for being a human is that it gives a soul a chance to finally achieve enlightenment, describing in detail what other varieties of conscious beings must endure because they do not deem an opportunity to gain merit or to perform dharma. The human being is a singular entity that may achieve enlightenment and pose a Buddha with good works, right living, and meditation. 1 Hinduism, on the other hand, teaches that human beings exist to uphold the structure of dharma and perform the tasks rigorously assigned (as described by Krishna in the Mahabharata) to them by their caste. Atman puts on one luggage compartment and performs that function a ssigned at birth and then sheds that body when it gets old and dies and puts on a new one, repeating the process endlessly. The Upanishads, the final Vedic scripture, changed that to reflect the search of atman to be reunited with the universal soul through enlightenment. 3 Buddhism in the twenty-first century is still applicable in such a fast paced and confusing world. Despite all of our advance(a) science and technology, we understand even less our reason for existing and we have a go at it more than ever just how big the universe is and how uncaring. These circumstances sit people to seek out spirituality even today in order to achieve the basic comfort required for them to conduct their workaday lives. The recent episodes of tremendous violence have placed an unsavory patina of muffle ignorance over the religions of Christianity and Islam as they continue to carry on like grim spinsters in the decaying finery of their former glory with no intention of acknowledging the c atastrophe of their up-to-date circumstances. Buddhism, with its sterling values of moderation, peace, and detachment from the impermanent things of this world, now appears dignified and fine as the antediluvian patriarch beauty of Asia to modern seekers.No longer do we seek judgment and rigid, inexplicable rules from our idol, with the hellfire and damnation that once brood us onward. We crave logic and sense from our world and in those circumstances, this faith tells us that lusting after expensive cars and clothes which we do not need will make us miserable. That is easy to understand. That makes sense. Use only what you need. Be compassionate to others, be charitable, avoid violence, and respect all life. All these things are self-evident in their truth. If all people acted this way, we would not feel so violent and conflicted and we would be without suffering. These ideas are not ambiguous and do not require us to submit to a priesthood or clergy which may become corrupt a nd abusive. We only need to read, for ourselves, the teachings of Buddha and reflect on our own conduct.The identical can be said for Hinduism, although because of the near-global distaste of the oppressive caste carcass and the shameful practice of Sati, or widow-burning, as well as the whammy of untouchability, Hindus in India are convulsed with their own reforms of belief. Yoga, however, has seen a tremendous rise in popularity in the West because of the need for a system that brings mind, body, and spirit into symmetrical alignment.The tranquility offered by gurus who accept all backgrounds and beliefs in the search for God is a powerful lure for modern people whose lives are a lot chaotic. There has been a long trend historically away from the mysteries of a powerful and omnipotent priesthood towards a more personal, private, and intimate relationship with the divine. The ancient beliefs of Asia were first seeded among a patient and adaptable people who have endured for tho usands of years and therefore are well-suited to weather the spiritual storms of mankind. For these reasons, both Hinduism and Buddhism will remain relevant for ages to come.Resources utilized1. World Scripture (Unknown). Buddhism Chapter 7 The Human Condition. ONLINE operable at http//www.unification.net/ws/intch7.htm. Last Accessed 11/22/2012. 2. Ananda W.P. Guruge (2000). Buddhism in Modern Life. ONLINE Available at http//www.urbandharma.org/udharma3/modern.html. Last Accessed 11/22/2012. 3. Shaheen Emmanuel Lakhan, MS, PhD (2009). The Human Being in The shopping centre of the Hindu. ONLINE Available at http//hinduism.about.com/cs/basics/a/aa120803a.htm. Last Accessed 11/22/2012. 4. Dr. Neria H. Hebbar (2002). Modern Hinduism. ONLINE Available at http//www.boloji.com/index.cfm?md=Content&sd=Articles&ArticleID=1494. Last Accessed 11/22/2012.

Point of view

View l maintain that the Ells started it all, but treasure, who was quartet ears my senior, give tongue to It started long before that. (chapter 1, paginate 1) I know this control Is written In 1st person point of view by the words I and me. The point of view Impacts the story because you are satisfactory to experience the narrators feelings about everything happening. Simile Her hand was as wide as a bed slat. (chapter 1, page 6) This example of a simile is comparison Scaloppinis hand to a bed slat.This comparison puts a vivid limning in my head of how wide her had is. Cliffhanger Attics arrival was the second reason I wanted to quit the game. The first reason happened the day I roll into the Raddled front yard. Through all the headlining, quelling of nausea and Gem yelling, I had heard a nonher sound, so low I could not have heard it from the sidewalk. Someone inside the put forward was laughing. (chapter 4, page 45) This was the cliffhanger at the end of this chapter . It describes Scout hearing Boo Raddled laugh from interior his house.The author Is leading the audience In doubt, making us enjoy what Is going to happen next. Imagery We strolled silently down the sidewalk, listening to porch swings resound with the weight of the neighborhood, listening to the soft wickedness-murmurs of the grown people on our street. (chapter 6, page 57) In my mind, I can hear the porch swings creaking and the soft night murmurs. The descriptive words used adds meaning to the text by creating suspense as well as allowing you to put sound with the picture you bring out in our mind.Comwork forcet Hurry, hon., said play. Heres your shoes and socks. Stupidly, I put them on. Is It morning? No Its a little after one. Hurry now (chapter 8, page 77) W hen Tactics told Scout to hurry and reward out of the house, at midnight, it made me worry. many an(prenominal) different things came to mind, like Was there a death in the family, was the house on fire, or did someone go to the emergency room. All this adds vividness to the story and has me hanging on the edge of my seat wanting to get a line more.Oxymoron It was a happy cemetery (chapter 12, page 135) By adding this oxymoron In the text, it makes me produce how gross, smelly, Junky, and polluted this cemetery was. Personification Doors slammed, engines coughed, and they were gone. (chapter 15, page 175) This example of personification allows the ratifier to get a line how quickly this Thomas Jefferson once said that all men are created equal (chapter 20, page 233) This is an allusion because the phrase comes from The Declaration Of license ND when supposeing it, it makes you think about or picture The Declaration Of Independence being in your hand.By putting this allusion in the book it adds more meaning to the point the narrator is trying to get across and allows you to understand and read this part with more meaning. Metaphor Cecil Jacobs is a big fat hen (chapter 29, page 307 ) A metaphor is described to the left because its comparing Cecil Jacobs to a big fat hen. This is a good description allowing the reader to understand exactly how fat Cecil is. Irony Tactics was right.One time he said you never really know a man until you stand in his shoes and walk around in them. Just standing on the Raddled porch was enough. (chapter 31, page 321) The irony of this sentence is the children were always trying to get Boo out of his house so they could see him but ulterior learned he was in his house watching over and protect them. The irony adds meaning to the text because the children are finally able to pick out that what Boo was doing was not harming them, in fact he was helping remain them safe.

Hotel Case

The violet Hotel Case Study describes a situation where a junior advisor has architected a hotel aliment management and issue tracking resolution for a boutique hotel client. Blake, the consultant, identified a hotel maintenance management package which include a Rapid Response issue logging module, Preventative upkeep module and the Reporting Module. Blake left the engagement prior to the completion of the castrate and has been called back because the governance has been month balled a few weeks after go live. The hotel GM and Blakes boss atomic number 18 extremely unhappy. The Cast of charactersBlake Cantera An MBA learner with two weeks consulting training. The architect of the solution on his first engagement purple Hotel GM A no nonsense, old school hotelier, running a boutique business hotel in New York. The GM wants to eliminate situations where guests go bad maintenance issues. Director of Housekeeping Not a champion for the system and does not take ownership for the maintenance issues at the hotel Director of upkeep Roll has a natural conflict with housekeeping did housekeeping opus the issues and maintenance lose it, or did housekeeping just not encompass it?Director IT Espresso Vendor Potentially oversold the solution as a panacea Jack Scarso A colleague of Blakes with similar experience, who is held in slump esteem. Jack was appoint to implement the solution when Blake was transferred off. Jack received more or less no handover. Fancy Consultants Boss The kind of boss who provides little wear and mountains of expectation and appears to take little or no responsibility for the issues. Issues with the solution and approachThe implementation of the Espresso system would classify as a second ready change which impacts Technology, Process and People and requires careful planning on how to bruise the End Users resistance to change which could dramatically impact the adoption of the system. The GM is an Old School hotelier howev er the proposed solution is a real New School solution relying on digital logging, reporting and electronic task tracking rather than relationships and hierarchy for effectiveness, this suggests some ultural challenges that would appear not to have been addressed. The staff who are required to interact with the system exit undergo influence and cultural changes The way that housekeeping report issues changes instead of waiting until the end of the shift they now report issues using the headphone as they come across them. Maintenance teams are now beingness tracked using the sidekick and bar code system, to ensure move are visited. Additionally reporting has been implemented to identify top performers and act staff.As such attention to managing the people dimension to ensure that the change is take is critical to the success of the initiative In-experienced change implementor acting without supervision or guidance. Change in key resources during the implementation with litt le effective revolution or handover. Limited or no executive or worldwide management oversight or support of the implementation from FC, the Royal Hotel or the Vendor. What should Blake do? Firstly, Blake take to ensure that the Espresso System has the comitment of the full management team.After all, these are the people who let the system get mothballed so quickly. This means collecting the stakeholders and seeking their commitment to the success of this initiative this is not just Blakes task and Blake cant fix it by himself the system needs to be owned. Next Blake needs to understand what the current situation is which will learn clarifying the following wherefore did the employees stop using the system Why did the Directors of Maintenance and Housekeeping let their employees stop using the system? What needs of the employees did the old system better suit?How was the bar coding of maintenance points deployed? Did the management team receive the new reports and were their requirements catered for with the reporting tools? How were job changes managed and assigned for example monitoring the Command Centre? Infrastructure did the solution combine with existing infrastructure were the reports accessible? Were the sidekick units adopted? Through this process of analysis Blake can produce a post implementation reappraisal and and action plan for system design modifications, change management, training and re-release.

Dramatic Technique in Death of a Salesman

Discuss the dramatic techniques in stopping point of a Salesman. From a technical point of view, miller was welcomed by those involved in the practical craft of theatre. In his playfulnesss, we discern ch anyenge and convention, confidence and caution, daring technical experiment and poetic negotiations. In destruction of a Salesman , his innovative dramatic techniques- un practical screen blanketground, medicine, lighting, etc. -all generated a sense of transformation of elderly forms and conventions. Death of a Salesman concentrates on resulty Loman, an exhausted middle elderly salesman, who has failed to realize his inspiration of economic success and is enclo catch outd as existence on the verge of a nervous break low.Failure also engulfs his wife Linda and twain sons- punch and Happy. The play is divided into three main parts, act 1, act 2 and the requiem. Each section takes place in the testify day (spring 1949). locomote 1- night time Act 2-various times t he next day Act 3-several geezerhood later The play is largely a re instauration of what takes place in his mind during the last two days of his life. In fact, Willys reminiscences abide us to understand what happened in the late(prenominal), and why things atomic number 18 how they are at posit in the present day.Miller says The salesman image was from the beginning absorbed with the ideal that nothing in life comes next but everything exists together and at the uniform time within us. The story is told on two antithetical levels. There is a public storyline (realistic) which begins late adept night and conclusions twenty- 4 hours later. Parallel with this, there is the private storyline (non-realistic) inside Willys mind, which corresponding our own minds, does not always work logically and chronologically but mixes up memories and imaginings with what is in truth taking place in the present.Miller was interested in expressionism but didnt want to abandon the conven tions of realism. He used, like O Neill, a dramatic form that combined the subjectivity of expressionism with the illusion of objectivity afforded by realism. The firm reality of Ibsens method acting remained, but it was banded with the dream sequences or flashbacks of past life real in the present. In All My Sons and Death of a Salesman, Miller adopts Ibsens retrospective structure in which an explosive situation in the present is both explained and brought to a crisis by the gradual revelation of something which has happened in the past.In theatre, expressionism has been defined as a mode of writing and production in which the aim is to depict inner meaning rather than outward appearance. For writers, this whitethorn imply the use of poetic or stylized language and symbolic characterization. For producers, it implies the use of non-realistic scenery and effects. In expressionistic plays like Death of a Salesman, the following effects are likely to be used 1) The put to death whitethorn flow without interruption from hotshot time period to another. to a greater extent than one time period may co-exist.In Death of a Salesman ,the audience bring in present and past action at the same time when Willy talks to Linda and sees the woman(past) in the same room, when he talks to Charley and Ben(his cold brother) at the same time. 2) The action may be presented as a dream or vision by one of the characters. In Death of a Salesman, this style is most obvious in the use of flashbacks or dream sequences . Much of the familys history and past events are revealed by means of Willys flashbacks. This is done by narration, dream sequence and memories.All these scenes, in which we have flashbacks, start in the present and then the character lone(prenominal) visible to Willy appear. Most of the flashbacks take place during the summer later on Biffs senior year at high school when all the problems began. Biff saw his father with another woman and muzzy religious bel ief in him. Before this, his father was a hero to him, direct he is a fraud. These flashbacks explain the current conflict among father and son. We see the second flashback while Willy is playing card game with Charley.hither we see how the flashback appear gradually, usurping the present bit by bit . He is actually talking to the remembered Ben and the real Charlie simultaneously. When Charlie finally realizes that Willy is absent-minded, he makes an exit. Here we see Willys too much obsession of the past over present. Miller expound Willy as literally at that terrible morsel when the voice of the past is no longer distant but sort of as jazzy as the voice of the present. He didnt see Willys internal sequences as flashbacks.Miller says, There are no flashbacks in this play but solitary(prenominal) a mobile concurrency of past and present .. because in his desperation to justify his life Willy Loman has destroyed the boundaries between now and then. 3) The action may take pl ace in more than one location simultaneously. In the kitchen when Willy starts talking to young Biff and Happy in the past, Linda enters the room and asks Willy about the car. 4) The Setting must be non-realistic or part realistic. One part of the act may be set with realistic scenery, such as the kitchen atBrooklyn in Death of a Salesman ,but this may have an empty open stage area in move of it into which a single piece of furniture or other peak may be brought to suggest a location, or the area may be left empty and used for variety of purposes, such asIn the empty space, Howard Wheels on a table with his wire record-keeper and his office is rapidly set up. To create a restaurant, Happy and the server bring on the chair-table the garden at Brooklyn. The plays setting contributes to the understanding of the theme. In Death of a Salesman, the realistic set is the backyard of a middle degree family.We see Willys small, fragile-seeming stead with one dimensional roof, dwarfed by apartment blocks. Miller says An air of dream clings to the place, a dream rising out of reality. The world outside Willys home seems oppressive and menacing, threatening to swallow up an economic failure like Willy. Here we see the use of stream of sense technique. The play begins and end in one basic setting, the Loman home and the flashbacks in stream of consciousness style presents Willys present dilemma that is closely connected to the past.Harold Clurman says The play dramatizes Willys recollection of the past, and at times switches from a literal presentation of his memory to imaginary and semi-symbolic representation of his thought. Miller shows the contrast between Willy as a salesman and Willy as a man. Willy does not actually go back to the past. It is the past, as in a hallucination, that comes back to him. Each time when he is frustrated, guilty or accused by his sons, he will be in a dream and the past appears in his mind.It shows Willys unconscious mind desire to avoid pain and to repair the bitterness, frustrations and humiliations of daily life at the present. In order to use this technique more smoothly, Miller chooses Linda and Charley, to present the whole, complete Willy what he was, what he is, and what he will be. Broken poking says, Will you let me go for Christs sake? Will you take that phony dream and burn it before something happens? The time shifts in the setting shows Willys stream of consciousness. The set is designed to minimize the boundaries between past and present.When we see Willys present, the characters follow the rules of stage direction, entering only through the stage door to the left. When Willy visits his past, the characters openly move through walls. As Willys mental state deteriorates, the boundaries between past and present are destroyed and the two start to exist in parallel. So the stage setting expresses Willys divided consciousness as the reality of the field walls can be breached. The transparency of t he setting represents the fragility of Willys cut back on reality.Miller sees Willy as living at the terrible moment when the voice of the past is no longer distant but quite as loud as the voice of the present. Miller uses the lighting so that the scenes could change much faster and without the actors leaving the stage. The lighting reflects the basic modal value of each act and shows the mobile concurrency of past and present. It keeps moving from one scene to another scene-The light on Willy and Lindas bedroom fades down when the scene ends and the light comes up on the boys bedroom for another scene. A blue light of sky falls upon the house.The surrounding area shows an idle glow of orange, symbolizing the anger of the helpless middle class people in a money minded society. The light in past scenes is brighter than the present scene. It means that past was far better for Willy than present. In an expressionistic drama, music and light might be used to signalize a characters state of mind. Here music is a contrivance for the dissolution of time and distance limitations. Biff and Happy, dressed in high school football sweaters, are accompanied with the gay music of the boys.The melody of flute at the beginning evokes the spacious area of old west, where Willys father, an inventor, sold flutes . It symbolizes a lost freedom and a lost ideal. When Willy claims to be tired to the death, the flute fades away, as if unable to have it away with the pain of Willy. When Willy commits suicide, Miller says As the car speeds off, the music crashes down in a frenzy of sound, which becomes the soft pulsation of a single violoncellos string. By using the form of confession, Miller makes us have in mind about, who is to blame?Why is biff at the age of thirty four a failure? Why biff and happy still curiosity? Symbolism is another feature of expressionism. Lindas mending of stocking, flute song displaced by childish nonsense from a wire recorder, wifes praise era sed by a whores laughter etc, are some beautiful symbols. Willy, the symbol of average American citizen, is trapped by the money-grabbing American society. The planting of seeds symbolize Willys meaningless attempt to give something positive for his sons. One athletic trophy symbolizes the fragment of Loman familys dream.Here we see that the real characters like Biff, Happy, and Charley cant fulfill Willys expectations. On the other hand, the imaginary presences or the characters from the past are ideal, brave figures who embody Willys unfulfilled dream. Here we see subjective characterization. We get under ones skin a strong imagery when Willy says, the woods are burning. Willys brother Ben compares the influence of success-building to entering a jungle. Ben says When I was I was seventeen, I walked into the jungle and when I was twenty-one I walked out And by God I was well-situated The jungle was the locale of Bens success, but for Willy, the forest is burning and there is smallish time left. The burning woods image is symbolic of Willys feeling that he cannot bear the pressure of time, debts, human relationships. Even the apartment buildings in his region are closing in on him. He wants to commit suicide. When Willys mind wanders back to the happy days of his sons youth, the entire house and environs become covered with leaves. The present time is marked by the fade of these leaves. After Willys death, The leaves of day are appearing over everything.We find dialogues of typical New Yorkers, realistic, full of repetition, hesitations and contradictions. The language of stage direction, dialogue of the characters are very poetic. Willy says Funny you know? After all the highways, and the trains, and the appointments, and the years, you end up worth more dead than alive. The title, the use of the requiem and Willys dialogue everything foreshadow Willys death. We also find dramatic irony. Willy portrays himself as being at the top of his game in sal es with countless admirers, after thirty years of experience.The biggest irony lies in the fact that at his funeral, nobody except his family members and Charley were present. So the dramatic techniques in Death of a Salesman impresses us as a theatrical triumph and provides us a new example of modern tragedy Miller didnt use all the timeswitch or the mixture of realist and expressionist technique simply for their own sakes . Actually, this was the outdo way to tell the story with the minimum of delay and repetition. Naturally, to be moved(p) by the play and to realize it thoroughly are two antithetic things.

Analysis of Harrah’s Entertainment Case: Rewarding Our People

Chris Martin BADM 7070 11/23/12 Harrahs Entertainment, Inc. recognise Our People Marilyn Winn faces a tough challenge to improve employee satisfaction and motivating in a struggling economy that has just experienced the 9/11 disaster. Many of Harrahs employees timbre that the incentive program that Winn has apply sets goals that are too aggressive while others feel a hotshot of entitlement for the bonuses.Both of these cases do not help Winn improve employee motivation and customer service. Winn involve to find a way to revise the employee quits program that she has implemented to turn out turnover, improve employee motivation, and, ultimately, improve customer satisfaction. In order to get employees at Harrahs motivated, Winn should implement an employee drop box for any feedback of the current reward system or innovative ideas on how the system could be changed.The take aim of this drop box would be to send a message to the employees that Harrahs values its employees opin ions and cares about its employees. If employees feel that they have a think regarding the development of the system, it will lead to better satisfaction with the system general and thus be more than likely to motivate them to better religious service Harrahs customers. This feedback system could also improve turnover, as employees would feel more valued by the company.Winn could also customize current system to puddle employees the option to receive vouchers that are worth more than the cash reward. By getting a physical reward, employees are less likely to feel entitled to the reward. Implementing these two plans could greatly improve employee satisfaction and could help to get hold of Harrahs most important goal customer service.

Colombia Essay Essay

Colombia is a agricultural in South the States in the northwestern part of the continent. Colombia has a lot of natural resources, including beautiful beaches, dramatic weeds, and lush rain forests, but it is cognise for its political unrest and the violent influence of almighty medicine cartels. Despite a bulky history of democratic governance, Colombia has whiz of the almost rigidly stratified furcate systems in Latin the States. Colombia is the only country in South America with coasts on both the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. Its neighbors on the east be Venezuela and Brazil on the south, Ecuador and Peru and to the northwest, Panama. The capital and broadst urban center is Bogota. Colombian golf club is separate amid the amphetamine and lower classes, with a large and festering transgress between them. A substantial middle class authentic during the twentieth century, a product in part of fairly widespread tear ownership associated with the countrys coffee berry berry economy.Many of the attitudes that led to Colombias sharp class divisions originated in 16th-century Spain and became ingrained in Colombian society during the colonial period. Family lineage, inherited wealth, and racial background continue to be powerful determinants of status. Economic progress during the last 100 years has been substantial, but political, social, and stinting power continues to be concentrated in the hands of the small upper class. Since the mid-20th century, Colombia has been torn by violence. Struggles between left-wing guerrillas, right-wing paramilitary groups, and the Colombian armed forces have convulsed much of the countryside. Colombia has excessively been plagued by an illegal drug trade that flourished in the country as a consequence of the growing demand for narcotics, particularly cocaine, in the United States and some other rich, industrialized countries. The Colombian government has attempted to limit drug issue and negotiat e a peaceful settlement with the rebel forces.At the beginning of the 21st century, however, Colombia hush up experienced upheaval, and violence had buzz off a daily experience for legion(predicate) Colombians. The total land bea of Colombia is 440,831 sq mi. Colombia lies almost entirely in what is known as the Torrid Zone, the area of the earths surface between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. The mood, however, varies with elevation. The low regions along the coast and the cryptical Pata and Magdalena river valleys are extremely hot, with average annual temperatures of 24 deg to 27 deg C (75 deg to 81 deg F). From about 500 to 2,300 m (about 1,500 to 7,500 ft) theclimate is sub tropic, and from about 2,300 to 3,000 m (about 7,500 to 10,000 ft) it is temperate. Above about 3,000 m (about 10,000 ft) is the cold-climate zone, where temperatures range from -18 deg to 13 deg C (0 deg to 55 deg F). About fractional of Colombias land is forested. To the north and west of the Andes, tropical forests line the study rivers and fringe the coastal areas.East of the Andes, the forests become denser as they approach the Orinoco and Amazon rivers. Pastureland occupies about 40 part of the country and is mostly rigid in the basins between the Andean highlands. Cropland accounts for a true 4.1 percent of the land, with no more than 1.7 percent supporting permanent crops. around of the arable land is found in patches on the Andean mountainsides. The mineral resources of the country are varied and extensive. Colombia ranks as the worlds major source of emeralds, most of which are mined in the western department of Boyac. Other significant reserves include petroleum and natural gas, located mostly in the northeast.Most coal deposits are located on the Guajira peninsula on the countrys northeast coast. Gold and silver are found dispersed in veins throughout the central highlands. Iron ore, salt, platinum, and atomic number 92 are other classic nat ural resources of Colombia. Colombia contains several fertile low valleys, but only 4.1 percent of the countrys land area, in general at higher elevations, is cultivated. The countrys agricultural regions suffer from stain exhaustion and erosion. These problems stem largely from slash-and-burn farming methods, in which forestland is cleared by cutting down and burning the existing plants.Colombia is divided into 32 departments and one capital district. Colombias capital and largest city is Bogota, an industrial center with a population (2000 estimate) of 6,422,198. Located on a mountain plateau in the Cordillera Oriental, it is the heart of cultural and political life in Colombia. Cali (2,128,920) lies in the Cauca Valley. The city began as a center for coffee production, but it later developed as the commercial heart of the entire southern region. Medelln (1,885,001), find in a highland valley of the Cordillera Central, ranks as the most important economic area. Originally sett led by migrants from Cartagena, Medelln grew into a gold-mining town, a general commercial settlement, and finally an important manufacturing center. Other important commercial cities include Barranquilla(1,549,197), which boasts a seaport and a major international airport, and Cartagena (829,476), a seaport and oil pipeline terminal. The Colombian population has a divers(a) racial launchup.About 58 percent of the people are ladino (of motley European and Native American ancestry), about 20 percent are of unmixed European ancestry, and about 14 percent are mulatto (of mixed black and European ancestry). Blacks account for 4 percent of the population, mixed black and Native Americans for 3 percent, and unmixed Native Americans for 1 percent. The briny religion in Colombia is romish Catholicism about 96 percent of the people are Roman Catholics. Although it is not the official state religion, Roman Catholicism is taught in all public schools. Small Protestant and Judaic minoritie s exist. Coffee is still Colombias principal crop, although Colombia was recently surpassed by Vietnam as the second largest coffee producer in the world after Brazil. Colombia stiff the worlds leading producer of mild coffee, but in the mid-1990s petroleum became the countrys largest source of foreign income.In the mid-1970s coffee accounted for 80 percent of Colombias export meshwork by the earlier 2000s coffee brought in less than 10 percent of export earnings. last production costs and low international prices combined to reduce the earnings of Colombian coffee growers. Coffee is cultivated chiefly on mountain slopes from about 900 to 1,800 m (about 3,000 to 6,000 ft) above sea level, principally in the departments of Caldas, Antioquia, Cundinamarca, Norte de Santander, Tolima, and Santander. to a greater extent than 150,000 mainly small coffee plantations extend over approximately 1 million hectares (approximately 2.5 million acres). Coffee output totaled 702,000 metric go bs in 2003, with most of the exported coffee going to the United States. While coffee is Colombias leading agricultural product, the countrys diverse climate and topography permit cultivation of a wide variety of other crops. one-year production of principal cash crops in addition to coffee includes cacao beans (47,000 metric tons), sugarcane (36.6 million), tobacco (29,000), cotton (100,000), bananas, and cut flowers.Chief viands crops are rice (2.5 million), cassava (1.8 million), potatoes (2.9 million), and plantains. Plants producing pita, sisal, and hemp fibers, used in the excogitate of cordage and coarse sacking material, are also cultivated. The livestock included cattle, hogs, sheep, and horses. The production of drug-related crops took on significant proportions starting in the 1970swith the cultivation of marijuana. Although Colombia has become notorious for its cocaine fork over, the processing of coca leaves was more significant than substantial coca plant cultiva tion in the country until the mid-1990s. As the supply of coca, primarily from Peru and Bolivia, was disrupted, coca growing in Colombia increased significantly. Opium poppies, used to make heroin, also became a significant source of revenue despite government efforts to stop their cultivation. It was estimated that from 1980 to 1995 the prise of illegal drug exports amounted to almost half the value of Colombias legal exports.Colombias government has undergone several changes since the mid-20th century. One of the most significant was the adoption of a crude constitution in 1991. The new constitution replaced the 1886 constitution and provided for a more decentralized, pluralistic, and democratic government. Colombian governments also had to contend with major changes in the national economy. After 1980 Colombia began exporting large amounts of illegal drugs, primarily cocaine. The estimated value of illegal drug exports amounted to almost half the value of Colombias legal export s from 1980 to 1995. Earnings from the drug trade helped Colombia revoke the debt crisis that afflicted much of Latin America during the 1980s. But by cheapening the sawhorse and thereby overvaluing the Colombian peso, the drug trade also undermined the competitiveness of Colombias legal exports by making them more expensive than similar exports from other countries.

Film Analysis of Helen of Troy Essay

In the film, Helen of Troy one of the main portion is Achilles, the pane state of warrior, a highly apt and the strongest champion of Greece which also showed his soft attitude his kindness, c ar, love for a woman and br otherwisely love for his first cousin, Petraclus. The film in truth captured my idea of Achilles found on the book of Greek mythology. I mean anyone who will watch attentively in the film will find out and capture the idea of character Achilles. Aside Achilles there are other important characters in the film such as Agamemnon ruler of Greece, Menelaus faggot of Mycenae, Paris prince of Troy, Hector brother of Paris, and Helen the cause of large war. Each character has strengths and impuissancees. Agamemnon was a proud and aggressive king because of that hundreds of his men died and theyre thwarted by Trojans, an apparent weakness of him. Agamemnon strength is his men that following on the whole his orders and respected him.Menelaus is just the u niform of Agamemnon, they have the same characteristic and the same strength and weaknesses, in my opinion. Paris weakness is his being coward and unskillful bomber even he was favored by Gods. King Priam a unafraid thinker and always weigh every possibility and ask opinions of council forrader he made a decision alone like his male child Paris he is not a skilled chiper. Hector one of the son of King Priam unlike Paris he is a skilled fighter a brave and aggressive one but his weakness are his confidence and having no mercy that is why Achilles killed him in a battle. Lastly, Helens strength is her irresistible beauty that every man in the kingdom wants to protect her. Helens weakness showed when she was seduced by Paris. The Gods of Greek mythology were very not seen in the entire film aside from mother of Achilles a minor goddess.Gods wasnt literally there in the action but there were times that the characters calling them or praying in the name of Gods. I could say that the film is quite different from the maestro story. It is more real and less of fantasy that is why Gods were not really in the characterisation and doesnt play an important role based on the film. The cousin of Achilles namely Patroclus is one of the important character in the story. Achilles really cares to his cousin, he doesnt want Patroclus to fight but because Patroclus really wanted to he disguise as his cousin, Achilles that lead to a fight to Hector who all overcome and stab him to death. Achilles rage in anger, he became totally mad and heavyhearted in the death of his beloved cousin.Achilles doesnt wants to participate anymore in the war because of his quarrel to Agamemnon but because of the death of Patroclus he had decided to fight again against the Trojans. Achilles leads the attack to the kingdom of Troy and his men conquer the troy weight but he was been killed by an arrow thrown by coward prince Paris. virtuoso of the most dramatic scenes in the film was the d ialogue of king Priam and Achilles over the body of Hector. King Priam bravely went to the tavern of Achilles secretly to please and pink for the body of his beloved son Hector.He kneeled down and kiss the pass by of Achilles while saying that Im the father of the warrior you have been killed and begging you to please perish his body to me. , king Priam was crying in effort of Achilles and pleasing Achilles to return the body. Then after Achilles convinced that he should return the body of Hector to his father king Priam to have a nice burial like what he did to his beloved cousin Patroclus. Achilles kindly let king Priam walk away and ensured their security with the body of Hector and he also let his woman to go with king Priam but he said that nothing will change theyre still enemies.On my own opinion the depiction of characters in the film is similar to the original story but the whole film is not accurately based on the book or the epic. The film is entertaining but it sho uld not be use to study the epic of Homer because there are some changes and revisions from the original story. The film focus on actions and it depicts reality of war rather than the fantasy of Greek mythology. However the experienced of watching it is great especially to watch it with other students in the classroom.

What Was More Important In Choosing A Successor Religion

Although, reference work B and D have evidence that morality as still a slight eventor that was taken into consideration. reference point B is a historians summary of the events surrounding bird Jane grey-headed brief reign. It begins to situate how towards the end of Edwards reign he and Northumberland were actually aw are that his switch would be his catholic sister, bloody shame. They planned to alter the succession in order to reassure Protestantism. This part of the source clearly shows how determined Edward and Northumberland were at cargo decking the Protestant regulating everywhere England.This is because they had spent Edwards rule converting the country to Protestantism and building up power under this piety and if this were therefore to be changed to Catholicism then the main concern would be the loss of power for some, including Northumberland. In a way, the rea male child religion was universe considered over authenticity is because Northumberland had c onvinced Edward to do so. There is no hiding the incident that Edward would do most things that Northumberland would herald him to so what would hindrance him from altering the succession figure if that is what Northumberland wanted.If Protestantism were to continue as the ruling religion then Northumberland loud be able to keep his position of power and if this religion were to be continued with the rule of lady Jane rusty then Northumberland powers would have increased im barfable to the f put to work that his son was married to Jane Grey. Whereas in the second half of the source it says how bloody shame was resolute as substitution and done by the power of her legitimacy. She was crowned successor because she made it so there was a much wider appeal to legitimacy and a careful avoidance of religious issues. People appealed because she avoided religion, screening that is was non an influential aspect cause people didnt have a majuscule concern towards her being a cathol ic, and because she based her appeal on the fact that she was legitimate because her father was hydrogen VIII, the people cared more for the relationship of regal blood. The fact that this source is pen by a historian is ripe to the comparison Of which was more important, religion or legitimacy, because hes able to give a over view of the events without the influence of any bias compared to if the source were to be written by someone of the time.Overall this source shows how although religion may on been put into consideration ND may of been really important to others, it doesnt stop that legitimacy became the final decider of who would be successor expiry a educest that in 1 542 and 1 558 religion was more important consideration then legitimacy in settling the succession to the crown. Source D is also showing how both religion and legitimacy were used to decide a successor. Source D is written by a retainer of the king of Spain from the courts decision making on the arrang ements for Mays successor.Although its written by a slave I interrogative sentence there would be much bias because he is a servant of the King of Spain who as no interest in the succession and the fact that he entrust not gain anything from this due to the arrangements in his and Mars married couple contract. The source begins by saying how the Privy Council had to persuade Mary to add to Elizabeth as her successor because Mary did not want this to be the discip annotation seeing as Mary had converted England to Catholicism after Edwards rule as a Protestant and now another protestant would be placed in rule causing her efforts to become meaningless.However, she did agree scarce with the terms that Elizabeth will maintain the Old religion as the tabby cat had restored it and he other that she will pay the Queens debts. Therefore, Elizabeth is chosen as successor completely due to the fact that she has the highest standing of legitimacy tho Mary does not want her efforts as Queen to be over looked and snub which is why she wishes for Catholicism to be maintained. This agreement is carried out even though Mary knows that Elizabeth is most likely to break those promises which show that all Mary truly cares about is legitimacy.As long as the Tudor blood line continues in power, religion does not alter the choice of successor. Again, religion may be considered and important to some yet the decision of successor will always depend on their legitimacy because thats what everyone knows truly counts. Both of sources B and D show how religion may of been important to certain individuals but legitimacy would always over rule. The power of legitimacy is shown within sources A and C Source A is from the third base succession act written by Henry VIII with the permission of the Privy Council.It states how after Henry and Edwards finish, then the thrown should pass to Mary and her heirs, then onto Elizabeth and her heirs if Mary were to gnarl without any childr en. Religion is not mention once within this source because Henrys main concern was to provide the thrown with Tudor successors for years to come. We bed tell that religion plays no part with Henry because he uncoerced left the Catholic Church and drawd the Church of England just so he would be able to have control and grant himself a fall apart from his first wife and another to come.His many wives also show his decision to provide heirs to the throne because he had 6 wives in order to create a son who would rule England after his death. Henry was so connected to making sure that the throne would continue with the Tudor name. Also due to this act being passed with the permission of the Privy Council shows that they too do not care about the religion someone has, as long as they fit the part of being ruler of England. No mention of religion and no concern towards what the future successors religious preference may be, the just now thing that matters is who will be in control o f England in the future.Now for the third time its going against the original statement. Source C is also going against religion being more important than astigmatic. It is a response to follow letters claiming her estimable to the throne. The Privy Council are telling Mary that it is Jane Grey who is the rightful successor to the throne due to letters Edward wrote before his death and that due to the divorce of her mother and Henry VIII it causes Mary to be illegitimate.Legitimacy is used within this source to strengthen the position of Lady Jane Grey and weaken the position of Mary. They use it to say that Jane Grey is clearly the right successor because she has a relation to Henry VIII, yet even though Mary is his daughter they choose to disregard her because of a succession act that called her illegitimate even though later on that succession act was over thrown by the third succession act.Even though religion isnt mentioned we know that this response has been written because E dward was desperate to have a protestant as his SUccessor which is why so much weight is put on Edwards Great seal of England. The PRI,y Council know they have a very slim chance at making Jane Grey successor over Mary but they were willing to try. Yet in the sense of this source it firmly relies on legitimacy, even though Jane Grey isnt the true person to be next in line. The Privy Council have an agenda and purpose that they are trying very hard to fulfill.However, we know that they actually failed to place Lady Jane Grey as the rightful ruler of England because Mary was able to gain the support of the people who believed and knew she was the rightful successor due to her father being Henry VIII and Lady Jane Grey only being a cousin. This source shows how true legitimacy is much more powerful than the news show of an existing King. Over all, there is without a doubt that between 1542 and 1 558 elision was not more of an important consideration over legitimacy when it came to c hoosing a successor.

Internet Security Essay

During the departed ten geezerhood, the saturation and variety of electronic monetary legal proceeding have profitd dramatic eachy. The delay decade was characterised by the rapid spreading of financial transactions involving the drop of online and/ or remote mechanisms. E- attends and e-transactions have become an essential element of the postmodern techno enterical reality. As the number of online financial services attachs, so do the number and variety of trade cling toion threats. Small and Brobdingnagian companies atomic number 18 evenly vulnerable to the risks of encourageive covering breaches in various types of financial transactions.These threats atomic number 18 become more and more complex and can chair full profit of the existing web and application vulnerabilities. The current state of technology provides many solutions to the existing and emerging security threats however, the success of the proposed countermeasures will depend on how well con trastes consider the seriousness of the major security threats and argon nimble to invest additional resources in the development and implementation of the complex security strategies. Security threats and statistical entropy The current state of literary worksA wealth of literature was written about the about serious security threats and the financial losses which security breaches and various types of system vulnerabilities ca work to stupendous and small businesses. The period between 2006 and 2008 was marked with the slight decrease in the number of financial frauds and security breaches in financial operations U. S. national Trade Commission asserts that frauds as a percentage of online revenue in the United States and Canada has decreased slightly over the past few years and stabilised at 1. 4 percent in 2008 (Paget 2009).Meanwhile, the losses caused by security breaches and financial fraud display a marked increase in 2008 alone, the American market lost over $4 one thousand thousand due to security breaches and financial frauds (Paget 2009). This is a 20 percent increase comp ard with 2008 (Paget 2009). presumption the new trends in technology-related financial services and businesses striving to funk their transaction costs, the development of new methods of e-payment and the use of open architectures will bring forth new technological challenges for professionals and new fraud opportunities for hackers (Glaessner, Kellermann & McNevin 2002).The current state of literature provides the sanctioned overview of the most serious security threats and proposes unique solutions businesses and individuals can take to address these threats. pecuniary transactions and security threats what literature says The news of security threats in the context of e-financial transactions is one of the most popular topics in scholarly literature. Today, the rapid growth of wireless technology and the increasing place of wireless solutions in daily financia l operations turn electronic security into the issue of the major public concern.Numerous authors tried to tell apart the most important security threats and to categorise them according to their severity and situate the risks they pose to the stability of the financial e-flows. For example, Glaessner, Kellerman and McNevin (2002) state that the most frequent problems in the financial transactions arena include (a) insider abuse, (b) ad hominem identity theft, (c) fraud, and (d) hacking. Cate (2005) concentrates on the discussion of identity-based fraud and suggests that account fraud, true identity fraud and synthetic identity fraud are the three most frequent forms of security threats in online financial transactions.In this context, Keller et al. (2005) seem the most objective and detailed in their observation of the existing security threats and financial transaction issues. According to Keller et al. (2005), the offset printing generation of vulnerabilities started in the middle of the 1980s and took a form of bearing viruses that affected computers and networks over the course of weeks the next generation of viruses was spread by means of macros and e-mails. Denial-of-service attacks became prevalent in the middle of the 1990s and still cave in one of the basic problems in financial transactions domains (Keller et al. 2005).New types of threats include worms that affect individual and multiple computers and networks, and can easily self-replicate to infect large number of users (Keller et al. 2005). Trojans are used extensively to steal passwords or defecate back doors on computers, compromising network security (Keller et al. 2005). Keller et al. (2005) believe that the rapid expansion of spyware and malware are of particular concern to IT specialists and business people these programmes are d throwloaded into computers without users knowledge or consent, typically run in the background, track personal information and execute damaging commands .Statistically, every PC contains approximately 27. 5 pieces of various malicious programmes (Keller et al. 2005). Fortunately, IT professionals actively work to develop effective countermeasures against the most sophisticated security threats. Financial transactions and security threats Potential solutions Given that malware presents one of the most serious issues in the bowl of electronic financial transactions, legion(predicate) authors sought to turn their solutions to the problem.Vlachos and Spinellis (2007) provide an overview of the so-called Proactive malware acknowledgement system, which is based on the computer hygiene principles and demonstrates relative authority in combating the risks of malware in financial transactions. Vlachos and Spinellis (2007) call the proposed algorithm PROMIS and base it on a peer-to-peer architecture the choice of the P2P architecture is justified by the fact that P2P networks much become a propagation vector for various types of malicio us software.The P2P architecture used by Vlachos and Spinellis (2007) contains two types of pommels, the member and the super nodes, and all nodes deficiency to participate in the discussed P2P networks must originalate themselves to the super nodes. PROMIS nodes generally finish the two basic types of operations a Notifier daemon regularly checks the log files on the security applications, while a Handler daemon analyses the elect(postnominal) rates from other peers of the concourse and computes a global malicious operation rate (Vlachos & Spinellis 2007).The researchers use experimental design to prove that the performance of the P2P group improves proportionately to the number of P2P members. Extensive simulations suggest that PROMIS has a potential to protect the operating networks from known and unknown worm activity (Vlachos & Spinellis 2007). That during virus epidemics PROMIS exploits tho specific vulnerabilities and leaves all other systems intact is considered as one of the basic systems benefits (Vlachos & Spinellis 2007). However, Vlachos and Spinellis (2007) are not the only professionals in the field of financial security.The fact is in that malware is often associated with denial-of-service attacks, which go to plague the Internet. Malware advantageously lower the bar for massive distributed denial-of-service attacks (Wang & Reiter 2008). Unfortunately, the current state of protection against do attacks is passive by nature and does not offer incentives to the owners of the Internet networks to protect their computers from the risks of malware (Wang & Reiter 2008). Wang and Reiter (2008) suggest that customer gets be a potentially effective mechanism against DoS attacks in financial transactions.Client puzzles imply that a client solves a computational puzzle for requesting service before the server commits resources, thereby imposing a massive computational burden on adversaries bent grass on generating legitimate service request s to consume substantial server resources (Wang & Reiter 2008). lengthways puzzles imply that each client bidding for a financial service from the Internet server must present his solution to a puzzle meanwhile, the server will allocate its limited resources to the bidders who solve the most tricky puzzles (Wang & Reiter 2008).In this system, an adversary cannot seize the financial and informational resources of a victim without committing its own resources first (Wang & Reiter 2008). These systems are effective in mitigating DoS threats at all application layers and can be readily interoperable with various legacy systems (Wang & Reiter 2008). These, however, are unique technological solutions to the existing security threats. Other authors offer less sophisticated but no less effective ideas of how to subscribe with security threats in financial transactions.According to Corzo et al. (2008), Automated Banking Certificates (first principle) can be readily used to timely identi fy unlicenced financial transactions. In the current system of electronic transactions, a financial transaction is considered authentic if it (a) is performed by an authorised entity (b) has not been altered since the moment it was generated and (c) is not a replay of another(prenominal) valid transaction (Corzo et al. 2008).Unfortunately, current banking systems can identify non-valid and double-tongued transactions only by means of audit subsequently the transaction took place as a result, there is an urgent demand to develop a mechanism which will trace and identify fraudulent transactions before and while they are taking place (Corzo et al. 2008). An ABC is a data structure which allows monitoring the relationships between various transactions indoors one workflow (Corzo et al. 2008).A complete ABC allows tincture operations within workflows that go beyond the boundaries of one financial institution, as long as their tasks are related (Corzo et al. 008). The use of ABCs in the current system of financial transactions proves that the task of identifying an unauthorised user is absolutely achievable. The use of network irreverent cards is another potential solution to the existing and emerging security threats. A network smart card is a smart card that is an Internet node and is feelerible from the Internet (Lu & Ali 2006). The Smart Card stores user information and provides this information only to the trusted client or server, as soon as the user authorises the service or transaction (Lu & Ali 2006).Smart cards are beneficial in the sense that they can create and maintain estimable Internet connections with another Internet node, a web server or a web browser (Lu & Ali 2006). As long as the smart card sends selected user information directly to the service provider, this information does not go through the local computer and the threats of identity theft or similar security breaches becomes minimal (Lu & Ali 2006). Unfortunately, the effectiveness of these developments is yet to be discovered. Meanwhile, companies continue using more traditional solutions to their security issues.The current research suggests that AdAware and Spybot are the most common tools used by businesses to deal with such threats (Keller 2005). Moreover, condescension the availability of effective tools that cost little or nothing at all, many businesses recognise that they do not use any spyware at all (Keller 2005). As a result, businesses either lose significant natural resources or fail to timely identify the emerging threats. The case is specially difficult with the so-called insider threats, when security threats are being born from within the business entity.For example, in 2008, the FBI alleged that a former Intel employee copied top inexplicable documents that posed a threat to the future of the whole company and its business projects (Patel 2009). The cases when bank workers become the basic sources of the security threats and the initiato rs of the complex financial frauds are not rare. As a result, the success of financial transactions, their security, and the technical preventive of consumers depends on how well companies realise the seriousness of the security threats and whether they are ready to deal with them.The current state of technology provides numerous solutions to the security issues in financial transactions, and businesses can secure themselves from the potential risks and failures by using the proposed technological Internet solutions at low or no cost. Conclusion The past years have been marked with the rapid increase in electronic financial transactions. The use of online and/ or remote mechanisms in financial operations has already become an essential element of the daily business routine.Financial transactions are associated with numerous security threats, including identity fraud, insider abuse, and the use of malware and denial-of-service attacks to access and steal personal user information. The current state of literature provides numerous solutions and ideas, which businesses could use to address the existing and emerging security threats. Smart cards, automatize banking certificates, and the use of client puzzles are just some out of many ways to address security threats in financial transactions.Unfortunately, businesses often flush it the existing technological opportunities and do not deem it necessary to use effective protection from the real security threats. As a result, the effectiveness and safety of financial transactions largely depends on how well businesses realise the seriousness of the discussed threats and are prepared to invest additional material resources in the development of effective security strategies and solutions.